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2009
249. Andersen S.B., Gerritsma S., Yusah K.M., Mayntz D., Hywel-Jones N.L., Billen J., Boomsma J.J. & Hughes D.P. (2009) The life of a dead ant: The expression of an adaptive extended phenotype. American Naturalist 174: 424-433. 
 248. Alves D.A., Imperatriz-Fonseca V.L., Francoy T.M., Santos-Filho P.S., Nogueira-Neto P., Billen J. & Wenseleers T. (2009) The queen is dead – long live the workers: intraspecific parasitism by workers in the stingless bee Melipona scutellaris. Molecular Ecology 18: 4102-4111. See also the News & Views article by Oldroyd & Beekman in the same issue.
247. Billen J. (2009) Occurrence and structural organization of the exocrine glands in the legs of ants. Arthropod Structure & Development 38: 2-15.
246. Billen J., Morgan E.D., Drijfhout F. & Farmier K. (2009) Unusual structural and chemical characteristics of the Dufour gland in the ant Meranoplus diversus. Physiological Entomology 34: 93-97.
 245. de Meester L. & Wenseleers T. (2009) Biologische evolutie. In: Wetenschap van het Leven (B. de Groef B. & P. Roels, eds.), pp. 115-139, Acco, Leuven, ISBN 9789033475382. (only intranet access) Order a copy here.
244. Roels P., Wenseleers T. & De Groef B.(2009) De mens. In: Wetenschap van het Leven (B. de Groef B. & P. Roels, eds.), pp. 177-196, Acco, Leuven, ISBN 9789033475382. (only intranet access) Order a copy here.
243. Wenseleers T. (2009) The superorganism revisited. BioScience 59: 702-705. (Review of The Superorganism: The Beauty, Elegance and Strangeness of Insect Societies by B. Hölldobler & E.O. Wilson and The Buzz about Bees: Biology of a Superorganism by J. Tautz)
 242. Wenseleers T. (2009) The Superorganism: The Beauty, Elegance and Strangeness of Insect Societies. Quarterly Review of Biology, in press. (Review of B. Hölldobler & E.O. Wilson's new book)
241. Wenseleers T. (2009) De collectieve intelligentie van sociale insectenkolonies. Karakter 28: 9-11.
240. Wenseleers T., Gardner A. & Foster K. R. (2009) Social evolution theory: a review of methods and approaches. In: Social behaviour: genes, ecology and evolution (Tamas Szekely, Allen J. Moore & Jan Komdeur, eds.). Cambridge University Press, 350 pp., ISBN 9780521709620. Order a copy at Amazon.
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2008
239. Allard D., Van Hulle M., J. Billen & Gobin B. (2008) Multiply mating males in Gnamptogenys striatula Mayr (Hymenoptera, Formicidae). Journal of Insect Behavior 89: 201-204.
238. Billen, J. (2008) A novel exocrine gland in the trochanter of ant legs. Acta Zoologica (Stockholm) 89: 201-204.
237. Billen J. & Wilson E.O. (2008) Social insect histology from the nineteenth century: The magnificent pioneer sections of Charles Janet. Arthropod Structure and Development 37: 163-167.
236. Bonckaert W., Vuerinckx K., Billen J., Hammond R.L., Keller L. & Wenseleers T. (2008) Worker policing in the german wasp Vespula germanica. Behavioral Ecology 19: 272-278.
235. Couvillon M.J., Wenseleers T., Imperatriz-Fonseca V.L., Nogueira-Neto P. & Ratnieks F.L.W. (2008) Comparative study in stingless bees (Meliponini) demonstrates that nest entrance size predicts traffic and defensivity. Journal of Evolutionary Biology 21: 194-201.
234. Gotoh A., Billen J., Hashim R. & Ito F. (2008) Comparison of spermatheca morphology between reproductive and non-reproductive females in social wasps. Arthropod Structure and Development 37: 199-209.
233. Lommelen E., Johnson C.A., Drijfhout F.P., Billen J. & Gobin B. (2008) Egg marking in the facultatively queenless ant Gnamptogenys striatula : The source and mechanism. Journal of Insect Physiology 54: 727-736.
232. Morgan E.D., Jungnickel H., Billen J., Ito F., Bergmann J. & Gobin B. (2008) Contents of the exocrine glands of the ant subfamily Cerapachyinae. Biochemical Systematics and Ecology 36: 260-265.
 231. Ratnieks F.LW. & Wenseleers T. (2008) Altruism in insect societies and beyond: voluntary or enforced? Trends in Ecology and Evolution 23: 45-52.
230. Tobback J., Heylen K., Gobin B., Wenseleers T., Billen J., Arckens L. & Huybrechts R. (2008) Cloning and expression of PKG, a candidate foraging regulating gene in Vespula vulgaris. Animal Biology 58: 341-351.
229. Wenseleers T., Gardner A. & Foster K.R. Social evolution theory: a review of methods and approaches. In: Social behaviour: genes, ecology and evolution (Tamas Szekely, Allen J. Moore & Jan Komdeur, eds.). Cambridge University Press, in press.
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2007
228. Allard D., Gobin B. & Billen J. (2007) Timing of sperm transfer in Diacamma pallidum. Physiological Entomology 32: 382-387.
227. Moors L. & Billen J. (2007) Morphology of the cervical lobe of the endophallus in Apis mellifera drones. Apidologie 38: 579-583.
226. Niculita H., Billen J. & Keller L. (2007) Comparative morphology of cephalic exocrine glands among castes of the black ant Lasius niger. Arthropod Structure and Development 36: 135-141.
225. Wenseleers T. (2007) Nepotism absent in insect societies – or is it? Molecular Ecology 16: 3063-3065.
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2006
224.
Allard D. (2006) Sexual selection and reproductive conflicts in ants (Hymenoptera, Formicidae). PhD thesis, University of Leuven.
223. Allard D., Børgesen L., Van Hulle M., Bobbaers A., Billen J. & Gobin B. (2006) Sperm transfer during mating in the pharaoh's ant Monomorium pharaonis. Physiological Entomology 31:294-298.
 222. Currie C.R., Poulsen M., Mendenhall J., Boomsma J.J. & Billen J. (2006) Coevolved crypts and exocrine glands support mutualistic bacteria in fungus-growing ants. Science 311: 81-83.
221. Billen J. (2006) Morphology and ultrastructure of the Dufour gland in workers of social wasps (Hymenoptera, Vespidae). Arthropod Structure and Development 35: 77-84.
220. Billen J. (2006) Signal variety and communication in social insects. Proceedings of the Netherlands Entomological Society Meetings 17: 9-25.
219. Billen J. & Ito F. (2006) The basicoxal gland, a new exocrine structure in poneromorph ants (Hymenoptera, Formicidae). Acta Zoologica (Stockholm) 87: 291-296.
 218. Wenseleers T. & Ratnieks F.L.W. (2006) Enforced altruism in insect societies. Nature 444: 50. See also the News & Views article in the same issue by D.C. Queller and Nature's Podcast for an interview with coauthor Francis Ratnieks
217. D’Ettorre P., Wenseleers T., Dawson J., Hutchinson S., Boswell T. & Ratnieks F.L.W. (2006) Wax combs mediate nestmate recognition by guard honeybees. Animal Behaviour 71: 773-779.
216. Eelen D., Børgesen L. & Billen J. (2006) Functional morphology of the postpharyngeal gland of queens and workers of the ant Monomorium pharaonis (L.). Acta Zoologica (Stockholm) 87: 101-111.
215. Foster K.R. & Wenseleers T. (2006) A general model for the evolution of mutualisms. Journal of Evolutionary Biology 19: 1283-1293.
 214. Foster K.R., Wenseleers T. & Ratnieks F.L.W. (2006) Kin selection is the key to altruism. Trends in Ecology and Evolution 21: 57-60.  Ranked number 2 in Science Direct's "TOP 25 Hottest Articles"
213. Foster K.R., Wenseleers T., Ratnieks F.L.W. & Queller D.C. (2006) There is nothing wrong with inclusive fitness. Trends in Ecology and Evolution 21: 599-560. (reply to letter by Fletcher J.A. et al.)
212. Gobin B., Ito F., Peeters C. & Billen J. (2006) Queen-worker differences in spermatheca reservoir of phylogenetically basal ants. Cell & Tissue Research 326: 169-178.
211. Helanterä H., Tofilski A., Wenseleers T. & Ratnieks F.L.W. (2006) Worker policing in the common wasp Vespula vulgaris is not aimed at improving colony hygiene. Insectes Sociaux 53: 399-402.
210.
Lommelen E. (2006) Honesty of pheromonal signals involved in reproductive conflicts in two Gnamptogenys species (Hymenoptera, Formicidae). PhD thesis, University of Leuven.
209. Lommelen E., Johnson C.A., Drijfhout F.P., Billen J., Wenseleers T. & Gobin B. (2006) Cuticular hydrocarbons provide reliable cues of fertility in the ant Gnamptogenys striatula. Journal of Chemical Ecology 32: 2023-2034. The original publication is available at www.springerlink.com
 208. Ratnieks F.L.W., Foster K.R. & Wenseleers T. (2006) Conflict resolution in insect societies. Annual Review of Entomology 51: 581-608.
207. Morgan E.D., Keegans S.J., Tits J., Wenseleers T. & Billen J. (2006) Preferences and differences in the trail pheromone of the leaf-cutting ant Atta sexdens sexdens (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). European Journal of Entomology 103: 553-558.
206. Morgan E.D., Keegans S.J. & Billen J. (2006) Exocrine chemistry of the myrmicine ant Zacryptocerus pusillus (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Archives of Insect Biochemistry and Physiology 63: 11-14.
205. Morgan E.D., do Nascimento R.R. & Billen J. (2006) Glandular secretions of the myrmicine ant Ocymyrmex laticeps (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). African Entomology 14: 289-292.
 204. Wenseleers T. & Ratnieks F.L.W. (2006) Comparative analysis of worker reproduction and policing in eusocial Hymenoptera supports relatedness theory. American Naturalist 168: E163-E179.
203. Ribeiro M.F., Wenseleers T., Santos Filho P.S. & Alves D.A. (2006) Miniature queens in stingless bees: basic facts and evolutionary hypotheses. Apidologie 37: 101-206.
202. Wenseleers T. (2006) Modelling social evolution: the relative merits and limitations of a Hamilton's rule-based approach. Journal of Evolutionary Biology 19: 1419-1422.
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2005
201. Allard D., Ito F., Gobin B., Tsuji K. & Billen J. (2005) Differentiation of the reproductive tract between dominant and subordinate workers in the Japanese queenless ant Diacamma sp. Acta Zoologica 86: 159-166.
200. Billen J., Thijs B., Ito F. & Gobin B. (2005) The pretarsal footprint gland of the ant Amblyopone reclinata (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) and its role in nestmate recruitment. Arthropodod Structure and Development 34: 111-116.
199. Deseyn J. & Billen J. (2005) Age-dependent morphology and ultrastructure of the hypopharyngeal gland of Apis mellifera carnica Pollm. workers (Hymenoptera, Apidae). Apidologie 36: 49-57.
198. Grasso D.A., Mori A., Le Moli F. & Billen J. (2005) Morpho-functional comparison of the Dufour gland in the female castes of the Amazon ant Polyergus rufescens (Hymenoptera, Formicidae). Zoomorphology 124: 149-153.
197. Johnson C.A., Sundström L. & Billen J. (2005) Development of alary muscles in single- and multiple-queen populations of the wood ant Formica truncorum. Annales Zoologici Fennici 42: 225-234.
 196. Schoeters E. & Wenseleers T. (2005) Onze sociale wespen ("Our social wasps"). Educatie Limburgs Landschap, Heusden Zolder, 135 p. Richly illustrated field guide of the social wasps of Belgium. Price: 10 €. Ordering information
195. Kaptein N., Billen J. & Gobin B. (2005) Larval begging for food enhances reproductive options in the ponerine ant Gnamptogenys striatula. Animal Behaviour 69: 293-299.
194. Martin S.J., Dils V. & Billen J. (2005) Morphology of the Dufour gland within the honey bee sting gland complex. Apidologie 36: 543-546.
193. Moors L., Spaas O., Koeniger G. & Billen J. (2005) Morphological and ultrastructural changes in the mucus glands in Apis mellifera drones during pupal development and sexual maturation. Apidologie 36: 245-254.
 192. Ratnieks F.L.W. & Wenseleers T. (2005) Policing insect societies. Science 307: 54-56.
191. Morgan E.D., Jackson B.D. & Billen J. (2005) Chemical secretions of the "crazy ant" Paratrechina longicomis (Hymenoptera : Formicidae). Sociobiology 46: 299-304.
190. Moris M., Braeken K., Schoeters E., Verreth C., Buellens S., Vanderleyden J & Michiels J. (2005) Effective symbiosis between Rhizobium etli and Phaseolus vulgatis requires the alarmone ppGpp. Journal of Bacteriology 187: 5460-5469.
189. Wenseleers T., Ratnieks F.L.W., Ribeiro M.F., Alves D.A. & Imperatriz-Fonseca V.L. (2005) Working-class royalty: bees beat the caste system. Biology Letters 1: 125-128.
 188. Wenseleers T., Badcock N.S., Erven K., Tofilski A., Nascimento F.S., Hart A.G., Burke T.A., Archer M.E. & Ratnieks F.L.W. (2005) A test of worker policing theory in an advanced eusocial wasp, Vespula rufa. Evolution 59: 1306-1314.
Movie of queen policing in Vespula rufa (mpeg format)
Movie of queen policing in Vespula rufa (windows media format)
187. Wenseleers T., Tofilski A. & Ratnieks F.L.W. (2005) Queen and worker policing in the tree wasp Dolichovespula sylvestris. Behavioral Ecology & Sociobiology 58: 80-86.
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2004
186. Billen J. (2004) Morphology of exocrine glands in social insects with special emphasis on the contributions by Italian researchers. Insect Social Life 5: 69-75.
185. Deseyn J. & Billen J. (2004) Age-dependent morphology and ultrastructure of the thoracic labial gland of Apis mellifera carnica Pollm. workers (Hymenoptera, Apidae). Belgian Journal of Zoology 134: 55-59.
184. D'Ettorre P., Brunner E., Wenseleers T. & Heinze J. (2004) Knowing your enemies: seasonal dynamics of host-parasite recognition. Naturwissenschaften 91: 594-597.
183. Eelen D., Børgesen L.W. & Billen J. (2004) Morphology of a novel glandular epithelium lining the infrabuccal cavity in the ant Monomorium pharaonis (Hymenoptera, Formicidae). Arthropod Structure and Development 33: 471-475.
182. Ito F., Hashim R., Sze Huei Y., Kaufmann E., Akino T. & Billen J. (2004) Spectacular Batesian mimicry in ants. Naturwissenschaften 91: 481-484.
181. Verleyen P. Baggerman G., Wiehart U. Schoeters E., Van Lommel A., De Loof A. & Schoofs L. (2004) Expression of a novel neuropeptide, NVGTLARDFQLPIPNamide, in the larval and adult brain of Drosophila melanogaster. Journal of Neurochemistry 88: 311-319.
 180. Wenseleers T. (2004) The puzzle of cooperation. Trends in Ecology and Evolution 19: 409-410. (Review of Genetic and Cultural Evolution of Cooperation (P. Hammerstein, editor) and Foundations of Human Sociality (J. Henrich, R. Boyd, S. Bowles, C. Camerer, E. Fehr & H. Gintis, editors))
179. Wenseleers T., Hart A.G., Ratnieks F.L.W. & Quezada-Euan J.J.G. (2004) Queen execution and caste conflict in the stingless bee Melipona beecheii. Ethology 110: 725-736.
Movie of a virgin Melipona beecheii queen being killed by workers (mpeg format)
Movie of a virgin Melipona beecheii queen being killed by workers (windows media format)
178. Wenseleers T., Helanterä H., Hart A.G. & Ratnieks F.L.W. (2004) Worker reproduction and policing in insect societies. An ESS analysis. Journal of Evolutionary Biology 17: 1035-1047.
177. Wenseleers T., Hart A.G. & Ratnieks F.L.W. (2004) When resistance is useless: policing and the evolution of reproductive acquiescence in insect societies. American Naturalist 164: E154-E167.
176. Wenseleers T. & Ratnieks F.L.W. (2004) Tragedy of the commons in Melipona bees. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London Series B-Biological Sciences 271: S310-S312. View talk on this (powerpoint)
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2003
175. Billen J. (2003) Golden anniversary for Insectes Sociaux. Insectes Sociaux 50 : 1-2.
174. Creemers B., Billen J. & Gobin B. (2003) Larval begging behaviour in the ant Myrmica rubra. Ethology, Ecology and Evolution 15: 261-272.
173. Gobin B., Heinze J., Strätz M. & Roces F. (2003) The energetic cost of reproductive conflicts in the ant Pachycondyla obscuricornis. Journal of Insect Physiology 49: 747-752.
172. Gobin B., Ito F. & Billen J. (2003) The subepithelial gland in ants: a novel exocrine gland closely associated with the cuticle. Acta Zoologica (Stockholm) 84: 285-291.
171. Gobin B. & Ito F. (2003) Sumo wrestling in ants: major workers fight over male production in Acanthomyrmex ferox. Naturwissenschaften 90: 318-321.
 170. Hughes W.O.H., Sumner S., Van Borm S & Boomsma J.J. (2003) Worker caste polymorphism has a genetic basis in Acromyrmex leaf-cutting ants. Proceedings of the National Academy of Science of the USA 100: 6394-9397.
169. Hart A.G., Bowtell R.W., Kockenberger W., Wenseleers T. & Ratnieks F.L.W. (2003) Magnetic resonance imaging in entomology: a critical review. Journal of Insect Science 3.5, 9 pages. Available online: www.insectscience.org/3.5 Accompanying files:
MRI sections of wasp abdomen
MRI sections of whole wasp
Reconstruction of wasp abdomen
168. Johnson C.A., Lommelen E., Allard D. & Gobin B. (2003) The emergence of collective foraging in the arboreal Gnamptogenys menadensis (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Naturwissenschaften 90: 332-336.
167. Lommelen E., Schoeters E. & Billen J. (2003) Development of the labial gland of the ponerine ant Pachycondyla obscuricornis (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) during the pupal stage. Arthropod Structure and Development 32: 209-217.
166. Morgan E.D., Jungnickel H., Keegans S.J., Do Nascimento R., Billen J., Gobin B. & Ito F. (2003) Comparative survey of abdominal gland secretions of the ant subfamily Ponerinae. Journal of Chemical Ecology 29: 95-114.
165. Schotanus A. & Wenseleers T. (2003) Big Business: Bijenkolonies en oliemaatschappijen. Maandblad van de Vlaamse Imkerbond 89: 304-306.
164. Schotanus A. & Wenseleers T. (2003) Conflict in het bijenvolk. Maandblad van de Vlaamse Imkerbond 89: 186-188.
163. Van Borm S., Wenseleers T., Billen J. & Boomsma J.J. (2003) Cloning and sequencing of wsp encoding gene fragments reveals a diversity of co-infecting Wolbachia strains in Acromyrmex leafcutter ants. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 26: 102-109.
162. Wenseleers T., Ratnieks F.L.W. & Billen J. (2003) Caste fate conflict in swarm-founding social Hymenoptera : an inclusive fitness analysis. Journal of Evolutionary Biology 16: 647-658. Page Top
2002
161. Allard D., Gobin B., Ito F., Tsuji K. & Billen J. (2002) Sperm transfer in the Japanese queenless ant Diacamma sp. (Hymenoptera, Formicidae). Netherlands Journal of Zoology 52: 77-86.
160. Billen J. & Espadaler X. (2002) A novel epithelial intramandibular gland in the ant Pyramica membranifera (Hymenoptera, Formicidae). Belgian Journal of Zoology 132: 175-176.
159. Billen J. & Hefetz A. (2002) Fine structure of the secretory filaments of the venom gland in the eumenid wasp Rhynchium cyanopterum. Israel Journal of Zoology 48 : 83-86.
158. Daniels R., De Vos D.E., Desair J., Raedschelders G., Luyten E., Rosemeyer V., Verreth C., Schoeters E., Vanderleyden J. & Michiels J. (2002) The cin quorum sensing locus of Rhizobium etli CNPAF512 affects growth and symbiotic nitrogen fixation. Journal of Biological Chemistry 277: 462-468.
157. Grasso D., Mori A., Le Moli F. & Billen J. (2002) Dufour's gland of Polyergus rufescens gynes: age-dependent structural and functional changes. Insect Social Life 4: 13-16.
156. Lommelen E., Schoeters E. & Billen J. (2002) Ultrastructure of the labial gland in the ant Pachycondyla obscuricornis (Hymenoptera, Formicidae). Netherlands Journal of Zoology 52: 61-68.
 155. Schoeters E. & Vankerkhoven F. (2002) Onze Mieren ("Our ants"). Educatie Limburgs Landschap, Heusden Zolder, 250 p. Richly illustrated field guide of the ants of Belgium. Price: 10 €. Ordering information
154. Tijskens M., Ito F. & Billen J. (2002) Novel exocrine glands in the legs of the ponerine ant Amblyopone reclinata (Hymenoptera, Formicidae). Netherlands Journal of Zoology 52: 69-75.
153. Van Borm S. (2002) Microsymbionts and intracolonial genetic diversity in ants
(Hymenoptera, Formicidae). PhD thesis.
152. Van Borm S., Billen. J. & Boomsma J.J. (2002) The diversity of microorganisms associated with Acromyrmex leafcutter ants. BMC Evolutionary Biology 2: 9. Ranked as "Highly accessed"
151. Van Borm S. & Boomsma J.J. (2002)
Group-specific polymerase chain reaction amplification of SSU rRNA-encoding gene fragments from 12 microbial taxa. Molecular Ecology Notes 2: 356-359.
150. Van Borm S., Buschinger A., Boomsma J.J. & Billen J. (2002) Tetraponera ants have gut symbionts related to nitrogen-fixing root-nodule bacteria. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London series B - Biological Sciences 269 : 2023-2027.
149. Wenseleers T., Billen J. & Hefetz A. (2002) Territorial marking in the desert ant Cataglyphis niger : does it pay to play Bourgeois ? Journal of Insect Behavior 15: 85-93.
148. Wenseleers T., Sundström L. & Billen J. (2002) Deleterious Wolbachia in the ant Formica truncorum. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London series B - Biological Sciences 269: 623-629.
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2001
147. Billen J., Grasso D.A., Mori A. & Le Moli F. (2001) Structural and functional changes of the Dufour gland in gynes of the amazon ant Polyergus rufescens (Hymenoptera, Formicidae). Zoomorphology 121: 55-61.
146. Bosselaers J. (2001) Taxonomic study of the afrotropical spider genus Hortipes and its
phylogenetic relationships (Araneae, Clubionidae S.L.). PhD thesis.
145. D'Hondt E., Billen J., Berghman L., Vandesande F. & Arckens L. (2001) Chicken luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone-I and -II are located in distinct fiber terminals in the median eminence of the quail: a light and electron microscopic study. Belgian Journal of Zoology 131: 137-144.
 144. Foster K.R., Wenseleers T. & Ratnieks F.L.W. (2001) Spite: Hamilton's unproven theory. Annales Zoologici Fennici 38: 229-238. (Volume dedicated to the memory of William Donald Hamilton)
143. Gobin B., Billen J. & Peeters C. (2001) Dominance interactions regulate mating in Gnamptogenys menadensis. Ethology 107: 495-508.
142. Gobin B., Rüppell O., Hartmann A., Jungnickel H., Morgan E.D. & Billen J. (2001) A new type of exocrine gland and its function in mass recruitment in the ant Cylindromyrmex whymperi (Formicidae, Cerapachyinae). Naturwissenschaften 88: 395-399.
141. Moo-Valle H., Quezada-Euán J.J.G. & Wenseleers T. (2001) The effect of food reserves on the production of sexual offspring in the stingless bee Melipona beecheii (Apidae, Meliponini). Insectes Sociaux 48: 398-403.
140. Schoeters E. & Billen J. (2001) Ultrastructural aspects of two sting glands in social Hymenoptera. Belgian Journal of Zoology 131 (suppl. 2): 17-21.
139. Van Borm S., Wenseleers T., Billen J. & Boomsma J.J. (2001) Wolbachia in leafcutter ants: a widespread symbiont that may induce male killing or incompatible matings. Journal of Evolutionary Biology 14: 805-814.
138. Wenseleers T. (2001) Conflict from Cell to Colony. Ph.D. thesis, University of Leuven, Belgium, 205 pp. Advisor: Prof. Dr. J. Billen. View PhD talk (powerpoint)
137. Wenseleers T. (2001) An introduction to the evolutionary modelling of conflict. In: "The Mathematic Modelling of Social Behaviour" (T. Wenseleers & F.L.W. Ratnieks, eds.), p. 21-53, EU INSECTS training workshop, Great Hucklow, UK, 14-18 Sept. 2001, 113 pages. Overheads Mathematica notebooks
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2000
136. Billen J. (2000) A novel exocrine gland in the antennal scape of the army ant Eciton burchelli. Belgian Journal of Zoology 130: 145-146.
135. Billen J. & Buschinger A. (2000) Morphology and ultrastructure of a specialized bacterial pouch in the digestive tract of Tetraponera ants (Formicidae, Pseudormyrmecinae). Arthropod Structure and Development 29: 259-266.
134. Billen J., Ito F. & Bolton B. (2000) Femoral and tibial glands in the ant genus Strumigenys (Hymenoptera, Formicidae). Belgian Journal of Zoology 130: 93-97.
133. Billen J., Ito F. & Peeters C. (2000) Novel exocrine glands in the hindleg tarsi of the ant Nothomyrmecia macrops. Australian Journal of Zoology 48: 661-667.
132. Billen J., Ito F., Tsuji K., Schoeters E., Maile R. & Morgan E.D. (2000) Structure and chemistry of the Dufour gland in Pristomyrmex ants (Hymenoptera, Formicidae). Acta Zoologica 81: 159-166.
 131. Foster K., Ratnieks F.L.W. & Wenseleers T. (2000) Spite in social insects. Trends in Ecology and Evolution 15: 469-470.
130. Gobin B. & Ito F. (2000) Queens and major workers of Acanthomyrmex ferox redistribute nutrients with trophic eggs. Naturwissenschaften 87: 323-326.
129. Grasso D., Wenseleers T. , Mori A., Le Moli F. & Billen J. (2000) Thelytokous worker reproduction and lack of Wolbachia infection in the harvesting ant Messor capitatus. Ethology, Ecology and Evolution 12: 309-314.
128. Kaib M., Eisermann B., Schoeters E., Billen J., Franke S. & Francke W. (2000) Task related variation of postpharyngeal and cuticular hydrocarbon compositions in the ant Myrmicaria eumenoides. Journal of Comparative Physiology (A) 186: 939-948.
127. Maile R., Jungnickel H., Morgan E.D., Ito F. & Billen J. (2000) Secretion of venom and Dufour glands in the ant Leptogenys diminuta. Journal of Chemical Ecology 26: 2497-2506.
126. Schoeters E. & Billen J. (2000) The importance of the spermathecal duct in bumblebee queens. Journal of Insect Physiology 46: 1303-1312.
 125. van Dyck H., Oostermeijer J.G.B., Talloen W., Feenstra V., van der Hidde A. & Wynhoff I. (2000) Does the presence of ant nests matter for oviposition to a specialized myrmecophilous Maculinea butterfly? Proceedings of the Royal Society of Londer series B - Biological Sciences 267: 861-866.
124. Wenseleers T. & Billen J. (2000) No evidence for Wolbachia-induced parthenogenesis in the social Hymenoptera. Journal of Evolutionary Biology 13: 277-280.
123. Xi C., Schoeters E., Vanderleyden J. & Michiels J. (2000) Symbiosis-specific expression of Rhizobium etli casA encoding a secreted calmodulin-related protein. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 97: 11114-11119.
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1999
122. Billen J., Gobin B. & Ito F. (1999) Fine structure of the postpygidial gland in Aenictus army ants. Acta Zoologica 80: 307-310.
121. Gobin B., Billen J. & Peeters C. (1999) Policing behaviour towards virgin egg layers in a polygynous ponerine ant. Animal Behaviour 58: 1117-1122.
120. Morgan E.D., do Nascimento R.R., Keegans S.J. & Billen J. (1999) Comparative study of mandibular gland secretion of workers of ponerine ants (Hymenoptera : Formicidae). Journal of Chemical Ecology 25: 1395-1409.
119. Schoeters E. & Billen J. (1999) Les organes neurohémaux périsympathiques des fourmis et différences entre les castes femelles. Actes des Colloques Insectes Sociaux 12: 139-142.
118. Schoeters E. & Billen J. (1999) La glande à venin chez les guêpes sociales. Comparaison avec la glande de l'abeille et les adipocytes comme source possible de molécules précurseurs d'une partie du venin. Bulletin de la Société Zoologique de la France 124: 183-192.
117. Schoeters E., Ito F., Miyata H. & Billen J. (1999) Aberrant venom glands in Amblyoponini (Formicidae, Ponerinae) : morphology, ultrastructure and histochemistry. Acta Zoologica 80: 3-9.
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1998
116. Billen J. (1998) The social insect as a glandular factory. Insect Social Life 2 : 9-14.
115. Billen J. & Gotwald W.H. (1998) In memoriam Jozef K.A. van Boven (1915-1997). Sociobiology 31: 43-145.  114. Billen J. & Morgan E.D. (1998) Pheromone communication in social insects - sources and secretions. In : Pheromone Communication in Social Insects : Ants, Wasps, Bees, and Termites (R.K. Vander Meer, M.D. Breed, K.E. Espelie & M.L. Winston, Eds.), Westview Press, Boulder, Oxford, pp. 3-33.
113. Billen J., Ito F., Maile R. & Morgan E.D. (1998) The mandibular gland, probably the source of the alarm substance in Leptanilla sp. (Hymenoptera, Formicidae). Naturwissenschaften 85: 596-597.
112. do Nascimento R.R., Billen J., Sant'ana A.E.G., Morgan E.D. & Harada A.Y. (1998) Pygidial gland of Azteca nr. bicolor and Azteca chartifex : morphology and chemical identification of volatile components. Journal of Chemical Ecology 24: 1629-1637.
111. Gobin B., Peeters C. & Billen J. (1998) Colony reproduction and arboreal life in the ponerine ant Gnamptogenys menadensis (Hymenoptera, Formicidae). Netherlands Journal of Zoology 48: 53-63.
110. Gobin B., Peeters C. & Billen J. (1998) Production of trophic eggs by virgin workers in the ponerine ant Gnamptogenys menadensis. Physiological Entomology 23: 329-336.
109. Gobin B., Peeters C., Billen J. & Morgan E.D. (1998) Interspecific trail following and commensalism between the ponerine ant Gnamptogenys menadensis and the formicine ant Polyrhachis rufipes. Journal of Insect Behaviour 11: 361-369.
108. Ito F. & Billen J. (1998) Larval hemolymph feeding and oophagy : behavior of queen and workers in the primitive ponerine ant Prionopelta kraepelini (Hymenoptera, Formicidae). Belgian Journal of Zoology 128: 201-209.
107. Schoeters E. & Billen J. (1998) Ontogenetic study of the venom gland in formicine ants, with special reference to the pulvinate convoluted gland (Hymenoptera, Formicidae). Zoomorphology 118: 245-253.
106. Terayama M., Ito F., & Gobin B. (1998) Three new species of the genus Acanthomyrmex Emery (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) from Indonesia, with notes on the reproductive caste and colony composition. Entomological Science 1: 257-264.
105. van Walsum E., Gobin B., Ito F. & Billen J. (1998) Worker reproduction in the ponerine ant Odontomachus simillimus. Sociobiology 32: 427-440.
104. Wenseleers T., Schoeters E., Billen J. & Wehner R. (1998) Distribution and comparative morphology of the cloacal gland in ants (Hymenoptera : Formicidae). International Journal of Insect Morphology and Embryology 27: 121-128.
103. Wenseleers T., Ito F., Van Borm S., Huybrechts R., Volckaert F. & Billen J. (1998) Widespread occurrence of the micro-organism Wolbachia in ants. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London Series B-Biological Sciences 265: 1447-1452.
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1997
102. Billen J. (1997) In memoriam Jozef K.A. van Boven (1915-1997). Insectes Sociaux 44: 303-304.
101. Billen J. (1997) Morphology and ultrastructure of the metatibial gland in the army ant Dorylus molestus (Hymenoptera, Formicidae). Belgian Journal of Zoology 127: 179-186.
100. Billen J. (1997) In memoriam Jozef K.A. van Boven (1915-1997). Belgian Journal of Zoology 127: 105-106.
99. Gobin B. (1997) Regulation of reproduction and dominance interactions in the ponerine ant Gnamptogenys menadensis. PhD thesis.
97. Schoeters E., Schmidt J.O. & Billen J. (1997) Venom gland morphology in Pepsis pallidolimbata pallidolimbata, biological use and activity of Pepsis venom. Canadian Journal of Zoology 75 : 1014-1019.
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1996
96. Billen, J. & B. Gobin (1996) Trail following in army ants (Hymenoptera, Formicidae). Netherlands Journal of Zoology 46: 272-280.
95. do Nascimento R.R., Schoeters E., Morgan E.D., Billen J. & Stradling D.J. (1996) Chemistry of metapleural gland secretions of three attine ants, Atta sexdens rubropilosa, Atta cephalotes, and Acromyrmex octospinosus (Hymenoptera : Formicidae). Journal of Chemical Ecology 22: 987-1000.
94. Fénéron R. & Billen J. (1996) Ovarian cycle in Ectatomma tuberculatum workers (Formicidae, Ponerinae). Invertebrate Reproduction and Development 29: 79-85.
93. Schoeters E. & Billen J. (1996) The control apparatus of the venom gland in formicine ants (Hymenoptera : Formicidae). Netherlands Journal of Zoology 46: 281-289.
92. Schoeters E. & Billen J. (1996) The post-pharyngeal gland in Dinoponera ants (Hymenoptera : Formicidae): unusual morphology and changes during the secretory process. International Journal of Insect Morphology and Embryology 25: 443-447.
91. Wenseleers T., Schoeters E., Billen J. & Hefetz A. (1996) Morphologie et ultrastructure de la glande cloacale chez Cataglyphis niger. Actes des Colloques Insectes Sociaux 10: 189-194.
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1995
90. Billen J., Brandao C.R.F. & Paiva R.V.S. (1995) Morphology and ultrastructure of the pygidial gland of the ant Dinoponera australis (Hymenoptera, Formicidae). Papéis Avulsos de Zoologia 39: 209-216.
89. Schoeters E. (1995) Morphology, ultrastructure and ontogeny of defensive exocrine glands in social Hymenoptera. PhD thesis.
88. Schoeters E. & Billen J. (1995) Morphology and ultrastructure of the convoluted gland in the ant Dinoponera australis (Hymenoptera : Formicidae). International Journal of Insect Morphology and Embryology 24: 323-332.
87. Schoeters E. & Billen J. (1995) Morphology and ultrastructure of a secretory region enclosed by the venom reservoir in social wasps (Hymenoptera, Vespidae). Zoomorphology 115: 631.
86. Soroker V., Hefetz A., Cojocaro M., Billen J., Franke S. & Francke W. (1995) Structural and chemical ontogeny of the postpharyngeal gland in the desert ant Cataglyphis niger. Physiological Entomology 20: 323-329.
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1994
85. Baroni Urbani C., Boyan G.S., Blarer A., Billen J. & Musthak Ali T.M. (1994) A novel mechanism for jumping in the Indian ant Harpegnathos saltator (Jerdon) (Formicidae, Ponerinae). Experientia 50: 63-71.
84. Billen J. (1994) Morphology and classification of the exocrine glands in ants. Ari 18: 1-4.
 83. Billen J. (1994) Morphology of exocrine glands in social insects : an up-date 100 years after Ch. Janet. In : "Les Insectes Sociaux" (A. Lenoir, G. Arnold & M. Lepage, Eds.), Publications Université Paris Nord, p. 214.
82. Billen J. & Kaib M. (1994) Exocrine glands and social organization. In : "Les Insectes Sociaux" (A. Lenoir, G. Arnold & M. Lepage, Eds.), Publications Université Paris Nord, p. 213.
81. Billen J. & Schoeters E. (1994) Morphology and ultrastructure of the mandibular gland in Formica L. ants (Hymenoptera, Formicidae). Memorabilia Zool. 48: 9-16.
80. Gobin B. & Billen J. (1994) Spécificité de la phéromone de piste chez Crematogaster scutellaris et Crematogaster laestrygon. Actes des Colloques Insectes Sociaux 9: 35-39.
79. Oldham N.J., Billen J. & Morgan E.D. (1994) On the similarity of the Dufour gland secretion and the cuticular hydrocarbons of some bumblebees. Physiological Entomology 19: 115-123.
78. Oldham N.J., Morgan E.D., Gobin B. & Billen J. (1994) First identification of a trail pheromone of an army ant (Aenictus species). Experientia 50: 763-765.
77. Oldham N., Morgan E.D., Gobin B., Schoeters E. & Billen J. (1994) Volatile secretions of Old World army ant Aenictus rotundatus and chemotaxonomic implications of army ant Dufour gland chemistry. Journal of Chemical Ecology 20: 3297-3305.
 76. Oldham N.J., Keegans S.J., Morgan E.D., Paiva R.V.S., Brandao C.R.F., 75. Schoeters E. & Billen J.P.J. (1994) Mandibular gland contents of a colony of the queenless ponerine ant Dinoponera australis. Naturwissenschaften 81: 313-316.
74. Schoeters E. & Billen J. (1994) Nouvelles données structurales sur la glande à venin chez Atta sexdens rubropilosa et Myrmica sabuleti (Hymenoptera, Formicidae). Actes des Colloques Insectes Sociaux 9 : 67-73.
73. Schoeters E. & Billen J. (1994) The intramandibular gland, a novel exocrine structure in ants (Insecta, Hymenoptera). Zoomorphology 114: 125-131.
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1993
72. Billen J. (1993) Morphology of the exocrine system in ants. Proc. Coll. Soc. Insects, V.E. Kipyatkov (Ed.), St. Petersburg, pp. 1-15.
71. Billen J. & Taylor R.W. (1993) Notes on the aberrant venom gland morphology of some Australian dolichoderine and myrmicine ants (Hymenoptera, Formicidae). Belgian Journal of Zoology 123: 159-163.
70. do Nascimento R.R., Billen J. & Morgan E.D. (1993) The exocrine secretions of the jumping ant Harpegnathos saltator. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology 104B: 505-508.
69. do Nascimento R.R., Morgan E.D., Billen J., Schoeters E., Della Lucia T.M.C. & Bento J.M.S. (1993) Variation with caste of the mandibular gland secretion in the leaf-cutting ant Atta sexdens rubropilosa. Journal of Chemical Ecology 19: 907-918.
68. Keegans S.J., Billen J., Morgan E.D. & Gökcen O.A. (1993) Volatile glandular secretions of three species of New World army ants, Eciton burchelli, Labidus coecus and Labidus praedator. Journal of Chemical Ecology 19: 2705-2719.
67. Keegans S.J., Morgan E.D., Turillazzi S., Jackson B.D. & Billen J. (1993) The Dufour gland and the secretion placed on eggs of two species of social wasps, Liostenogaster flavolineata and Parischnogaster jacobsoni (Vespidae : Stenogastrinae). Journal of Chemical Ecology 19: 279-290.
66. Schoeters E. & Billen J. (1993) Glandes coxales de Pachycondyla obscuricornis (Formicidae, Ponerinae). Actes des Colloques Insectes Sociaux 8: 183-186.
65. Schoeters E. & Billen J. (1993) Anatomy and fine structure of the metapleural gland in Atta (Hymenoptera, Formicidae). Belgian Journal of Zoology 123: 19-27.
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1992
64. Ali T.M., Baroni Urbani C. & Billen J. (1992) Multiple jumping behaviour in the ant Harpegnathos saltator. Naturwissenschaften 79: 374-376.
 63. Billen J., Ed. (1992) Biology and Evolution of Social Insects, Leuven University Press, Leuven, 390 pp. Order at Barnes & Noble
62. Billen J. (1992) Origin of the trail pheromone in Ecitoninae : a behavioural and morphological study. In : Biology and Evolution of Social Insects (J. Billen, Ed.), Leuven University Press, Leuven, pp. 203-209.
61. Billen J., Beeckman W. & Morgan E.D. (1992) Active trail pheromone compounds and trail following in the ant Atta sexdens sexdens (Hymenoptera, Formicidae). Ethology, Ecology and Evolution 4: 197-202.
60. Keegans S.J., Morgan E.D., Jackson B.D., Berresford G., Turillazzi S. & Billen J. (1992) The chemical nature and origin of the abdominal substance of the social wasp Liostenogaster flavolineata (Vespidae, Stenogastrinae). In : Biology and Evolution of Social Insects (J. Billen, Ed.), Leuven University Press, Leuven, pp. 217-221.
59. Peeters C., Billen J. & Hölldobler B. (1992) Alternative dominance mechanisms regulating monogyny in the queenless ant genus Diacamma. Naturwissenschaften 79: 572-573.
58. Schoeters E. & Billen J. (1992) Morphological and ultrastructural study of the metapleural gland in Diacamma (Hymenoptera, Formicidae). In : Biology and Evolution of Social Insects (J. Billen, Ed.), Leuven University Press, Leuven, pp. 239-247. Page Top
1991
57. Bagnères A.G., Billen J. & Morgan E.D. (1991) Volatile secretion of Dufour gland of workers of an army ant, Dorylus (Anomma) molestus. Journal of Chemical Ecology 17: 1633-1639.
56. Billen J. (1991) Ultrastructural organization of the exocrine glands in ants. Ethology, Ecology and Evolution 1: 67-73.
55. Billen J. & Peeters C. (1991) Fine structure of the gemma gland in the ant Diacamma australe (Hymenoptera, Formicidae). Belgian Journal of Zoology 121: 203-210.
54. Keegans S.J., Billen J. & Morgan E.D. (1991) Volatile secretions of the green tree ant Oecophylla smaragdina (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Comparative Biochemestry and Physiology 100B: 681-685.
53. Schoeters E. & Billen J. (1991) Morphologie des glandes pro- et postpharyngiennes chez Atta sexdens. Actes des Colloques Insectes Sociaux 7: 153-160.
52. Whitman D.W., Billen J.P.J., Blum M.S. & Alsop D.J. (1991) Anatomy, ultrastructure, and functional morphology of the metathoracic tracheal defensive glands of the grasshopper Romalea guttata. Canadian Journal of Zoology 69: 2100-2108.
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1990
51. Attygalle A.B., Billen J.P.J., Jackson B.D. & Morgan E.D. (1990) Morphology and chemical contents of Dufour glands of Pseudomyrmex ants (Hymenoptera : Formicidae). Z. Naturforsch. 45c: 691-697.
50. Billen J. (1990) Phylogenetic aspects of exocrine gland development in the Formicidae. In : Social Insects and the Environment (G.K. Veeresh, B. Mallik & C.A. Viraktamath, Eds.), Oxford & IBH Publishing Co, New Delhi, p. 317-318.
49. Billen J. (1990) A survey of the glandular system of fire ants. In : Applied Myrmecology (R.K. Vander Meer, K. Jaffe & A. Cedeno, Eds.), Westview Press, Boulder, Colorado, p. 85-94.
48. Billen J. (1990) Morphology and ultrastructure of the Dufour's and venom gland in the ant Myrmecia gulosa (Fabr.) (Hymenoptera : Formicidae). Australian Journal of Zoology 38: 305-315.
47. Billen J. (1990) The sting bulb gland in Myrmecia and Nothomyrmecia (Hymenoptera : Formicidae) : a new exocrine gland in ants. International Journal of Insect Morphology and Embryology 19: 133-139.
46. Jackson B.D., Morgan E.D. & Billen J.P.J. (1990) A note on the pygidial glands of primitive Australian ants : a new source of odorous chemicals. In : Chromatography and Isolation of Insect Hormones and Pheromones (A.R. McCaffery & I.D. Wilson, Eds.), Plenum Press, New York, London, p. 335-341.
45. Jackson B.D., Morgan E.D. & Billen J.P.J. (1990) Contents of the pygidial gland of the ant Myrmecia nigriceps. Naturwissenschaften 77: 187-188.
44. Moens N., Billen J., Jackson B.D. & Morgan E.D. (1990) Evolution ontogénétique chimique de la glande mandibulaire de Formica sanguinea (Latr.) (Hymenoptera, Formicidae). Actes des Colloques Insectes Sociaux 6: 173-177.
43. Peeters C. & Billen J. (1990) A novel exocrine gland inside the thoracic appendages ("gemmae") of the queenless ant Diacamma australe. Experientia 46: 229-231.
42. Schoeters, E. (1990) Morphology of the glandular system in the leaf-cutting ants Atta sexdens sexdens L. 1758 and Atta sexdens rubropilosa Forel 1908 (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Belgian Journal of Zoology 120(suppl.): 52-53.
41. Schoeters E. & Billen J. (1990) Morphology of the venom gland in relation to worker size in leaf-cutting ants (Formicidae, Attini). Actes des Colloques Insectes Sociaux 6: 249-252.
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1989
40. Ali M.F., Billen J.P.J., Jackson B.D. & Morgan E.D. (1989) The Dufour gland contents of three species of Euro-African Messor ants and a comparison with those of North American Pogonomyrmex (Hymenoptera : Formicidae). Biochemical Systematics and Ecology 17: 469-477.
39. Billen J. (1989) Morphology of the cloacal gland in the ant Cataglyphis savignyi. Actes des Colloques Insectes Sociaux 5: 301-306.
38. Billen J., Joye L. & Leuthold R.H. (1989) Fine structure of the labial gland in Macrotermes bellicosus (Isoptera, Termitidae). Acta Zoologica (Stockholm) 70: 37-45.
37. Jackson B.D., Billen J.P.J. & Morgan E.D. (1989) Dufour gland contents of three species of Myrmecia (Hymenoptera : Formicidae), primitive ants of Australia. Journal of Chemical Ecology 15: 2191-2205.
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1988
36. Ali M.F., Attygalle A.B., Billen J.P.J. & Morgan E.D. (1988) Contents of Dufour glands in some formicine ants : queens and workers of Camponotus aethiops and a re-examination of Lasius fuliginosus. Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata 46: 109-115.
35. Ali M.F., Billen J.P.J., Jackson B.D. & Morgan E.D. (1988) Secretion of the Dufour glands of two African desert ants, Camponotus aegyptiacus and Cataglyphis savignyi (Hymenoptera : Formicidae). Biochemical Systematics and Ecology 16: 647-654.
34. Ali M.F., Attygalle A.B., Billen J.P.J., Jackson B.D. & Morgan E.D. (1988) Change of Dufour gland contents with age of workers of Formica sanguinea (Hymenoptera : Formicidae). Physiological Entomology 13: 249-255.
33. Billen J. (1988) Comparaison entre les fourmis australiennes des genres Myrmecia et Nothomyrmecia. Actes des Colloques Insectes Sociaux 4: 27-33.
32. Billen J.P.J. & Gotwald W.H. (1988) The crenellate lining of the Dufour gland in the genus Aenictus : a new character for interpreting the phylogeny of Old World army ants (Hymenoptera, Formicidae, Dorylinae). Zoologica Scripta 17: 293-295.
31. Billen J.P.J., Jackson B.D. & Morgan E.D. (1988) Secretion of the Dufour gland of the ant Nothomyrmecia macrops (Hymenoptera : Formicidae). Experientia 44: 715-719.
30. Billen J.P.J., Jackson B.D. & Morgan E.D. (1988) The contents of the pygidial gland of the primitive ant Nothomyrmecia macrops (Hymenoptera : Formicidae). Experientia 44: 794-797.
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1987
29. Ali M.F., Attygalle A.B., Billen J.P.J. & Morgan E.D. (1987) Comparison of Dufour gland secretions of two species of Leptothorax ants (Hymenoptera : Formicidae). Z. Naturforsch. 42c: 955-960.
28. Ali M.F., Attygalle A.B., Morgan E.D. & Billen J.P.J. (1987) The Dufour gland substances of the workers of Formica fusca and Formica lemani (Hymenoptera : Formicidae). Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology 88B: 59-63.
27. Billen J. (1987) Morphology and ultrastructure of the exocrine glands in social Hymenoptera. In : Chemistry and Biology of Social Insects (J. Eder and H. Rembold, Eds.), J. Peperny Verlag, München, p. 81-84.
26. Billen J.P.J. (1987) New structural aspects of the Dufour's and venom glands in social insects. Naturwissenschaften 74: 340-341.
25. Billen J., Leuthold R.H. & Joye L. (1987) Salivary gland morphology related to polyethism in the termite Macrotermes bellicosus. In : Chemistry and Biology of Social Insects (J. Eder and H. Rembold, Eds.), J. Peperny Verlag, München, p. 415.
24. Billen J.P.J. & van Boven J.K.A. (1987) The metapleural gland in Old World army ants : a morphological and ultrastructural description (Hymenoptera, Formicidae). Revue Zool. Afr. 101: 31-41.
23. Billen J.P.J., Attygalle A.B., Morgan E.D. & Ollett D.G. (1987) Gas chromatography without solvents : pheromone studies : the Dufour gland of the ant Pogonomyrmex occidentalis. International Analyst 1: 3-6.
22. Billen J.P.J., Attygalle A.B., Morgan E.D. & Ollett D.G. (1987) The contents of the Dufour gland of the ant Pogonomyrmex occidentalis. In : Chemistry and Biology of Social Insects (J. Eder and H. Rembold, Eds.), J. Peperny Verlag, München, p. 426-427.
21. Jocqué R. & Billen J. (1987) The femoral organ of the Zodariinae (Zodariidae, Araneae). Revue Zool. Afr. 101: 165-170.
20. Ollett D.G., Morgan E.D., Attygalle A.B. & Billen J.P.J. (1987) The contents of the Dufour gland of the ant Harpagoxenus sublaevis Nyl. (Hymenoptera : Formicidae). Z. Naturforsch. 42c: 141-146.
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1986
19. Billen J.P.J. (1986) Comparative morphology and ultrastructure of the Dufour gland in ants (Hymenoptera : Formicidae). Entomologia Generalis 11: 165-181.
18. Billen J. (1986) Morphology and ultrastructure of the abdominal glands in dolichoderine ants. Insectes Sociaux 33: 278-295.
17. Billen J. (1986) Morphology and ultrastructure of the Dufour's and venom gland in the ant Myrmica rubra (L.) (Hymenoptera, Formicidae). International Journal of Insect Morphology and Embryology 15: 13-25.
16. Billen J.P.J., Dumortier K.T.M. & Velthuis H.H.W. (1986) Plasticity of honeybee castes : occurrence of tergal glands in workers. Naturwissenschaften 73: 332-333.
15. Billen J.P.J., Evershed, R.P., Attygalle A.B., Morgan E.D. & Ollett D.G. (1986) Contents of Dufour glands of workers of three species of Tetramorium (Hymenoptera : Formicidae). Journal of Chemical Ecology 12: 669-685.
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1985
14. Attygalle A.B., Billen J.P.J. & Morgan E.D. (1985) The postpharyngeal gland of workers of Solenopsis geminata (Hymenoptera : Formicidae). Actes des Colloques Insectes Sociaux 2: 79-86.
13. Billen J. (1985) Comparative ultrastructure of the poison and Dufour glands in Old and New World army ants (Hymenoptera, Formicidae). Actes des Colloques Insectes Sociaux 2: 17-26.
12. Billen J. (1985) Ultrastructure de la glande de Pavan chez Dolichoderus quadripunctatus (L.) (Hymenoptera, Formicidae). Actes des Colloques Insectes Sociaux 2: 87-95.
11. Billen J. (1985) Ultrastructure of the worker ovarioles in Formica ants (Hymenoptera : Formicidae). International Journal of Insect Morphology and Embryology 14: 21-32.
10. Billen J.P.J. & Kerkhofs H.L.P. (1985) Ultrastructure of the ovarioles in Formica ants (Hymenoptera, Formicidae). Mitt. dtsch. Ges. allg. angew. Ent. 4: 332-334.
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1984
9. Billen J. (1984) Stratification in the nest of the slave-making ant Formica sanguinea Latreille, 1798 (Hymenoptera, Formicidae). Annales de la Société Royale de Zoologie de la Belgique 114: 215-225.
8. Billen J.P.J. (1984) Morphology of the tibial gland in the ant Crematogaster scutellaris. Naturwissenschaften 71: 324-325.
7. Billen J.P.J., Evershed R.P. & Morgan E.D. (1984) Morphological comparison of Dufour glands in workers of Acromyrmex octospinosus and Myrmica rubra. Entomologica Experimentalis et Applicata 35: 205-207.
6. Billen J. & Peusens G. (1984) Ultrastructure de la glande propharyngienne chez les fourmis formicines (Hymenoptera, Formicidae). Actes des Colloques Insectes Sociaux 1: 121-129. Page Top
1983
5. Billen J., van Boven J.K.A., Evershed R.P. & Morgan E.D. (1983) The chemical composition of the Dufour gland contents of workers of the ant Formica cunicularia - A test for recognition of the species. Annales de la Société Royale de Zoologie de la Belgique 113: 283-289.
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1982
4. Billen J. (1982) Rôle de la glande de Dufour en fonction de la stratification chez Formica sanguinea Latreille (Hymenoptera, Formicidae). C.R. réunion s.f. U.I.E.I.S., Barcelona, p. 47-56.
3. Billen J. (1982) Ovariole development in workers of Formica sanguinea Latr. (Hymenoptera : Formicidae). Insectes Sociaux 29: 86-94.
2. Billen J.P.J. (1982) The Dufour gland closing apparatus in Formica sanguinea Latreille (Hymenoptera, Formicidae). Zoomorphology 99: 235-244.
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1981
1. Billen J. (1981) Stratification des ouvrières dans le nid chez Formica sanguinea Latreille. C.R. réunion s.f. U.I.E.I.S., Toulouse, p. 25-28.
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